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Birth Rate, Death Rate, Factor Affecting of Birth Rate and Death Rate

Birth Rate and Death Rate

Birth Rate

The birth rate, or crude birth rate, measures the number of live births in a given population during a specific time period (usually a year) relative to the population size. It is typically expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 people per year.


Formula:

Birth Rate ={Number of Live Birth/Total Population}*1,000


Example:

If a country has 500,000 live births in a year and a population of 50 million people, the birth rate would be:

Birth Rate} = {500,000/50,000,000}*1,000 = 10 births per 1,000 people per year.


Factors Influencing Birth Rate:

  • Higher economic development often correlates with lower birth rates due to better access to education and family planning.
  • Societal attitudes towards family size and childbearing can influence birth rates.
  • Policies such as family planning programs and incentives/disincentives for having children affect birth rates.I
  • Improved maternal and child health services can reduce infant mortality rates, sometimes leading to lower birth rates as families have fewer children.


Death Rate

The death rate, or crude death rate, measures the number of deaths in a given population during a specific time period (usually a year) relative to the population size. It is typically expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.


Formula:

Death Rate= {Number of Deaths/Total Population}*1,000


Example:

If a country has 300,000 deaths in a year and a population of 50 million people, the death rate would be:

Death Rate= {300,000/50,000,000}*1,000 = 6 deaths per 1,000 people per year.


Factors Influencing Death Rate:

  • Access to and quality of healthcare services significantly impact mortality rates.
  • Sanitation, nutrition, and living standards influence death rates.
  • Populations with a higher proportion of elderly people tend to have higher death rates.
  • Prevalence of diseases and outbreaks can increase death rates.
  • Economic stability can affect mortality through impacts on healthcare access, nutrition, and living conditions.


Relationship Between Birth and Death Rates

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate in a population is known as the natural increase rate, which indicates whether a population is growing or shrinking without considering migration.


Natural Increase Rate:

Natural Increase Rate = Birth Rate - Death Rate


If the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population grows. If the death rate exceeds the birth rate, the population decreases.


Example:

Using the previous examples:

- Birth Rate: 10 per 1,000 people per year

- Death Rate: 6 per 1,000 people per year


Natural Increase Rate = 10 - 6 = 4 per 1,000 people per year.

This indicates a growing population.


Summary

Measures the number of live births per 1,000 people per year. Influenced by economic, cultural, social, and healthcare factors.

Measures the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Influenced by healthcare quality, living conditions, age distribution, disease, and economic conditions.

The difference between the birth rate and the death rate, indicating population growth or decline.

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